The Military Reign of Terror
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Schultz from running through the village crying, ‘Death to the Pope! Death to Catholics! Death to the Half Breeds! Death to the priests! and from burning Donald Smith in effigy.”
Using the nom de plume Veritas, a Manitoba man wrote the St. Paul Press in Minnesota on November 6, 1870, that the English soldiers had come to the settlement on a mission of peace, but engaged in a war.
Immediately upon arriving in the Red River settlement in early September 1870, a group of militiamen were in the Red Saloon in Winnipeg when Elzéar Goulet, a member of the six-man court marshal jury organized in the manner of the annual buffalo hunt that found Scott guilty, was pointed out by Farquharson, who incited militiamen to chase him. Sanders and Madigan of the Ontario Battalion, Robert Mulligan and. a man named Campbell, a Red River Expedition voyageur, set out in pursuit of Goulet. Captain MacDonald called the men back, an order that they only temporarily obeyed. They resumed their chase of Scott to the banks of the Red River, forcing him into the water and then pelted the fleeing man swimming to the other side of the river with stones. Goulet was struck by the stones and drowned.
Archibald later said the persons against whom changes be laid included Farquharson, who is according to one witness called out “to kill him,” and Sauders, Madigan and Campbell, who pursued the man to the river.
But no one was saulted. Those participating in the rapes were identified to Colonel Jarvis, whose reply was that it was none of his business. The Manitoba police took statements from the victims, but no charges were laid.
On September 16, 1870, Edmund Turner, one of Scott’s guards was chased and threatened and sought protection in Archibald’s residence.
The Telegraph reported on October 4 that vigilante squads were formed to a political meeting at Popular Point, after being thrown from his wagon by unknown assailants. Following the same meeting, James Ross and other Métis had to run a gauntlet of clubs, stones and snowballs in order to escape their attackers.
François Guilemette, another Métis member of the court marshall jury as well as a member of the firing squad charged with executing Scott, was allegedly shot and killed by militiamen while on a trail near Pembina. It was Guillemette who with a pistol delivered the coup de grace to Scott. The Orangeman was reputed to be still alive after the firing squad finished firing.
Andre Nault, on whose land the Red River Resistance began when Riel stepped on a surveyor’s chain and said “you go no further,” was beaten nearly to death.
One Winnipeg resident said the community “during the fall and early winter of 1870 … could always rely upon several exciting fights between the soldiers and the half-breeds any after noon after three o’clock by which time the soldiers not on duty were at liberty to come down town.”
Le Canadien, a Quebec-based newspaper, reported on April 13, 1871, that English-Canadians were still “making a fuss about Scott…” but, “they didn’t get so excited when the Ontario volunteers (militiamen) massacred French Métis under the eyes of their officers.”
The reality was that the murders and many beatings went unpunished, and as a result the St. Paul Pioneer announced on October 6, 1870, a “Reign of Terror” existed in Manitoba.
November 8th, 2009
Grey Nun’s Convent – St. Boniface National Historic Site of Canaday
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The Grey Nun’s Convent , Winnipeg’s oldest building houses the St. Boniface Museum . Built for the “Grey Nuns” who arrived in the Red River Colony in 1884, the structure is an outstanding example of Red River frame construction and historic construction methods and procedures.
The museum presents an impressive collection of artifacts that reveal both the lives and the cultures of the Francophone as well as Metis population and populations of Manitoba Canada , including a most special exhibit featuring Mr. Louis Riel – the founder of modern Manitoba.
Teh St. Boniface Museum:
494 tache Ave
Winnipeg Manitoba
R2H 2B2
phone – 204-237-4500
email: info@msbm.mb.ca
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Louis Riel Leads Provisional Government Dec 27, 1869
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Red River Colony – “Rupert’s Land” - At this point in time – December 1869 – Louis Riel announced that he had become the new leader of the provisional government at the Red River Colony in what was then referred to as “Rupert’s Land” – later to be called the “Province of Manitoba”. This appointment was automatic following the resignation of John Bruce , Louis Schmidt , a lifelong friend of Riel’s suceeded him as secretary .
It could be said at the time that these most dramatic events followed months and months of the most tense of negotiations. On December 10 , 1869 Riel with the help of close associates , Ambroise-Dydime , Lepine and W.B. ODonoghue , hoisted the flag of the “Provisional Government” of the pole in center square of Fort Garry. In design the standard of the new assembly is a fleur-de-lis on a full white backgrounnd.
Riel now held the then colony’s only effective government. While at the time , some experienced and noted political and historical observerers , doubted that he had a strong foundation for an administration there was no question what so ever that Louis Riel had met his first and primary objective – that of keeping “Canada” from establishing William McDougall as the government of the territory which would of been simply “annexed “ by Eastern Canada.
University of Manitoba Hotel Winnipeg
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Red River’s Only Newspaper Shuts Down
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December 1869: Rupert’s Land Colony : Louis Riel and his supporters have closed the offices of the “Nor’Wester, the colony’s only newspaper. The move is one of a series of events in which the provisional government is seeking to impose its authority on the troubled colony. In this same week all Winnipeg shops were cleared of guns and ammunition.
In silencing the Nor’Wester , Riel had effectively served to shut down all principal means of public communication. It had been noted that in those recent editions , of the time (November – December 1869) that the newspaper itself could be said to have met with some success in creating what some said was a historical breach between the English and French-Canadian groups and camps in the Manitoba regions. The final edition of the Nor’Wester newpaper appeared November 24 , 1869.
Full List of newspaper editions of the Manitoba Nor’Wester local newspaper:
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Manitoba “Selkirk Settlers”
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Early on in the settlement of Manitoba nearly half of the settlers became so very discouraged by the difficulties that they encountered at the Red River settlement and settlements that they accepted the North West Company’s offer to fund their passage back to “eastern Canada” ( Lower Canada)
Until the arrival of cattle, the settlers lacked the wherewithal to feed themselves during the coming cruel Manitoba winter months.
Once currency began to circulate in greater quantity and quantities , the foundations were laid for further accumulations of wealth.
A noted Peruvian economist has explained that “capitalism” has not functioned in the “3′rd world” because we missed some of the more crucial elements that Westerners had in the 18′th and 19′th centuries , like property rights. It seems that in this evaluation that the capitalism of the time had the ability and abilities to pick up the value of “people’s work”. That is to accumulate and represent value and values and to utilize this to accomplish further productive ability and abilities.
In the particular case and cases of the Manitoba Red River Settlers , they both possessed title to their land and their livestock herds as well. This could then be used as actual collateral for loans in other money earning enterprises.
Thus those “Selkirk Settlers” who stayed on and persevered could do well.
This was the bedrock of the Manitoba experience and the future wealth and economic power and vibrancy of the Canadian Province of Manitoba and its people , society and communities.
Chief Peguis – Over the years Peguis formed strong relationships of trust with the Selkirk settlers welcoming them on their arrival. On one occasion offered he transported the settlers’ children to Pembina were they wintered for the first few years. …
Manitoba Living History Society » St. Andrew’s Society Selkirk … – First – I was flabbergasted with not only the greatly increased size of this year’s parade (including nine pipe bands), but more particularly with the dignitaries who will be at the Selkirk Settler monument and at the Cairn of Tears. …
A point of view: Eighty-one-year-old artist Elinor Gillis … – A stroll through Elinor Gillis’ in-home studio in Point Prim is a walk through a pictorial of her life and that of her ancestors and the community in which they all lived.
Selkirk Settlers Dedication in Winnipeg – SEPTEMBER 7 – 10.30pm – Church Service @ Kildonan Community Church, immediately adjacent to the original first church built by the Selkirk Settlers; the historic cemetery is in the same vicinity. ~ All PEOPLE INTERESTED IN JOINING US …
selkirk settlers monument, canada – scottish government posted a photo: selkirk settlers monument, canada. monument to the selkirk settlers in winnipeg unveiled by environment minister michael russell, september 2008
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“The” Winnipeg Blizzard – March 4 , 1966
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THE MARCH 4 1966 BLIZZARD
The Day Winnipeg was Paralysed
by George Siamandas
I remember that storm–(Dave Sawatzky)
If you are over 40 and have lived in Winnipeg your whole life you likely remember the Blizzard of 1966. It occurred on Mar 4, a Friday and it shut down Winnipeg like it had never been shut down before. The buses stopped running. Snowmobiles took nurses and doctors to work and thousands of people were stuck downtown and slept overnight at Eatons and the Bay.
The winter of early 1966 was the third coldest year of the century, with 1950 and 1917 even colder. January 1966 tied January 1875 for the coldest month since records were kept at Red River. In February 1966 Winnipeg reached -49 the lowest February temperature ever recorded and the second coldest day ever. Winnipeg did not see the temperature go above zero for 90 days. But the year till then was without much snow.
Snow started to fall after midnight on Thursday and despite the heavy snow, on Friday morning March 4, people still went to work. But by mid morning the streets were impassable. The buses were called in by 11:00 am. and would not return to the streets till the next Saturday morning. Schools closed for the Friday and the following Monday as did stores, restaurants and theatres. The big storm piled up 14.6 inches and was driven by winds gusting up to 70 miles an hour. This was the worst winter storm since March 1902. Eight foot high drifts were reported in the new suburb of Westwood. After the cleanup the plows created 12 foot high walls of snow along Ness Ave. Hundreds of cars were reported stranded on the Transcanada Highway. The Grain Exchange did not open for the first time in its 61 year history.
WINNIPEG COPES
Mayor Juba was awakened by a CJOB reporter and told of the blizzard. He was able to make his way to City Hall in his big Cadillac where he set up an emergency headquarters. By afternoon city hall itself had become a shelter for people that could not make their way home. Chief George Blow urged people to stay off the streets
Snowmobiles were given to the police. Volunteers operated snowmobiles to take people to hospital and to deliver drugs to patients. CB radios were used for the first time to create an emergency communications network. Ken Dunston was CBC radio’s man that morning and the station became part of the emergency civil defense network. Unable to get home, CBC staff stayed at the Mall hotel for the night.
STRANDED
The buses were pulled off the streets. Soon those that could not walk home were stuck wherever they were. Thousands of people were stranded at City Hall and at Stores like Eatons and the Bay. And 1600 people were reported stranded at Eatons and the Bay. Eatons looked after 700 of its own staff and 400 customers. The women slept on the 9th floor and the men on the 7th. Fifty hockey players from Winnipeg neighbourhoods were stuck in Lorrette.
Standard Manitoba Hydro Power Line Showing Depth of Snow
POLICE DELIVER NORTH END BABY
Two policemen delivered a baby in the North End. How did they get there? With their own front end loader leading the path. Constables Mills and Const Martin both described as “family men” took instruction from a doctor over the phone and helped mother Mrs Herbstreit with the delivery of her baby boy. An emergency call found a doctor located four streets away who went over finding mother and child to be just fine.
THE AFTERMATH
Only two deaths were attributed to the blizzard. But 14 had died in Minnesota and the Dakotas. Police Chief George Blow said that he was happy that the crooks had stayed home. And of course there was the $1 million cleanup and finding help to pay for it.
WAS THERE A FLOOD?
Fortunately flooding was minor but the trees were two weeks later to leaf out and Winnipeg experienced a later spring. The snow was gone by early April, but there was another big snow, (8.7 “), in April and the snow did not melt till May 5th. For many that spring, it seemed summer would never come.
THE WORST IN WINNIPEG HISTORY?
Actually the 1997 blizzard saw more snow fall 43.2 cm Vs 38.1 cm. Other big snowfalls occurred in 1874 with 16.1 inches and 1893 with 14.8.
I remember that storm very distinctly as I had just started a new job (at Quest Metal Products) on Feb 25th 1966, and I was living in Stonewall at that time. I got up that morning to go to work, and I could not see the neighbour’s house across the street so I stayed home. MAN-WHAT A STORM!!!!!
